‘Know Your Numbers’ Week: The risks associated with high or low blood pressure at work
Blood pressure, the strength of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. Maintaining it within the normal range is crucial for overall wellbeing. When blood pressure deviates significantly - either by becoming too high (hypertension) or too low (hypotension) - it can lead to serious health issues and workplace safety risks.
This week - 2nd to 8th September - is Know Your Numbers! Week 2024, which aims to bring attention to the importance of monitoring our blood pressure. This year’s theme is ‘You Have the Power’ and organisers at Blood Pressure UK are seeking to encourage people of all ages to self-monitor their own blood pressure on a regular basis.
Hemini Bharadia from Blood Pressure UK says: “The power is in your hands to check your blood pressure. High blood pressure is not simply a part of growing old. Checking your blood pressure is a great way to prioritise your health and get one up on the ‘silent killer’. And, even better - encourage your friends, family, neighbours, and colleagues to measure their blood pressure, too.”
In this blog post, we'll look at the risks associated with both high and low blood pressure in the workplace, and discuss how to manage these conditions to maintain a safe and healthy work environment.
Understanding the basics of blood pressure
Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart rests between beats). This is expressed as the higher systolic number over the diastolic reading. Blood pressure is usually measured using a small electronic monitor connected to an inflatable cuff, which is wrapped around your upper arm. After pushing a button to operate the machine and inflate the cuff, the machine will take the two readings which then appear on a screen after a short wait. The machines are simple enough for anyone to operate, and are sufficiently small and affordable to have at home or in the workplace.
According to the British Heart Foundation, normal blood pressure is between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is when readings are consistently above 130/80 mmHg. Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is when readings are consistently below 90/60 mmHg. It’s natural for our blood pressure to go up and down throughout the day and night, and it’s normal for it to go up while moving about. However, if your overall blood pressure is consistently high or low, or high even when you are resting, it should be addressed.
In the UK, approximately 30% of adults have hypertension, including 15% who have untreated hypertension. This is similar for both men and women, although does vary with age: hypertension increases from 9% of adults aged 16 to 44 to 60% of adults aged 65 and over. Despite around a third of people in the UK having high blood pressure, most don’t know it, perhaps since it doesn’t have obvious symptoms. Similarly, low blood pressure is often only detected after a routine blood pressure check, which is why campaigns such as Know Your Numbers! Week encourage regular checks.
The risks of high blood pressure at work
Both hypertension and hypotension pose challenges and risks, particularly in the context of the workplace, where stress levels, physical demands and mental focus are critical. High blood pressure can be of significant concern as an indicator of the following illnesses and workplace safety risks:
1. Increased risk of heart attack and stroke
One of the most severe risks associated with high blood pressure is the increased likelihood of heart attack and stroke. These conditions can strike suddenly and without warning, especially in a high-stress work environment. Hypertension is thought to contribute to around half of all strokes and heart attacks in the UK. Employees with hypertension may experience sudden chest pain, dizziness or other symptoms that could indicate a medical emergency. The type of workplace or role can increase the risk posed by this type of medical emergency. For example on a construction site or railway, a significant number of colleagues or members of the public could be put at risk as a result.
2. Cognitive decline and impaired decision-making
Chronic high blood pressure has been linked to cognitive decline, including difficulties with memory, concentration and decision-making. In the workplace, where sharp mental acuity is often required, this can lead to mistakes, poor judgment and decreased productivity. Over time, hypertension can damage the brain’s small arteries, reducing blood flow and oxygen, impairing brain function. Employees in roles that require high levels of mental engagement, for example in manufacturing environments or transport and logistics, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of hypertension on cognitive performance.
3. Chronic fatigue and reduced productivity
Hypertension can lead to chronic fatigue, which in turn can reduce an employee’s productivity. The heart works harder than normal to pump blood, leading to exhaustion even with minimal physical exertion. In a work setting, this can result in frequent absences, reduced work output and a general decline in job performance. Fatigue also increases the risk of workplace accidents, particularly in physically demanding jobs or those requiring high levels of alertness.
4. Workplace stress
Workplace stress is a significant contributor to high blood pressure. The demands of meeting deadlines, managing workloads and handling interpersonal conflicts can elevate stress levels, which in turn can increase blood pressure. This creates a vicious cycle, where high blood pressure leads to more stress, and more stress further elevates blood pressure.
The risks of low blood pressure at work
While hypotension is less spoken of than hypertension, and perhaps seen as less of an issue, it can still cause health issues that need to be addressed. Most people with low blood pressure do not have noticeable symptoms, but in some cases can cause a number of unpleasant symptoms and workplace safety risks:
1. Dizziness and fainting
Low blood pressure can cause dizziness, light-headedness and even fainting, especially when standing up quickly or after long periods of inactivity. This may be accompanied by nausea or blurred vision. In a work environment, these symptoms can be dangerous, particularly in settings that involve operating machinery, driving, or working at heights such as in construction, manufacturing, transport, or utilities. Fainting or losing balance can lead to falls and serious injuries, posing a risk not only to the individual but also to their colleagues.
2. Reduced mental focus and cognitive function
Like high blood pressure, low blood pressure can also impact cognitive function, but for different reasons. When blood pressure is too low, the brain may not receive enough blood flow, leading to symptoms such as confusion, difficulty concentrating, and impaired decision-making. In the workplace, this can result in errors, decreased productivity, and even accidents, particularly in jobs that require constant mental engagement and quick decision-making such as the rail industry.
3. Fatigue and weakness
Hypotension can lead to chronic fatigue and weakness, making it difficult for employees to maintain the energy levels required for their job. This can be particularly challenging in physically demanding roles or those that require prolonged periods of activity. Employees with low blood pressure may struggle to keep up with their workload, meaning decreased productivity and increased absenteeism. The constant feeling of tiredness can also impact an employee’s motivation and job satisfaction.
Managing blood pressure in the workplace
Given the significant risks associated with both high and low blood pressure, it is crucial for both employers and employees to take proactive steps to manage these conditions in the workplace. Here are some strategies to help maintain healthy blood pressure levels and reduce the associated risks:
1. Regular monitoring and medical check-ups
Employees with known blood pressure issues should monitor their levels regularly and seek medical advice as needed. Employers can support this by offering health screenings at work, providing access to blood pressure monitors, and encouraging regular medical check-ups. Early detection and management of blood pressure fluctuations can prevent serious health issues and reduce the risk of complications at work. Express Medicals offers Know Your Numbers days, with a trained technician at your site - get in touch to book.
2. Stress management programmes
Since stress is a major contributor to high blood pressure, implementing stress management programmes in the workplace can be highly beneficial. These can include stress-relief activities such as yoga, meditation, or breathing exercises, as well as providing resources for mental health support and general wellbeing. Creating a supportive work environment that promotes work-life balance can also help reduce stress levels and, in turn, lower the risk of hypertension.
3. Encouraging healthy lifestyles
Promoting healthy lifestyle choices among employees can play a significant role in managing blood pressure. Employers can encourage regular physical activity by providing on-site fitness facilities or organising group exercise classes. Offering healthy food options in the workplace cafeteria and providing education on nutrition can also help employees make better dietary choices, which is crucial for maintaining healthy blood pressure levels.
4. Emergency preparedness
Employers should be prepared for medical emergencies related to blood pressure fluctuations. This includes training staff in first aid and CPR, ensuring that emergency contact information is up to date, and having a clear plan in place for responding to health emergencies. Quick and effective response can prevent minor issues from becoming life-threatening situations.
Conclusion
Both high and low blood pressure present significant risks in the workplace, affecting not only the health and wellbeing of employees but also their productivity and safety. By understanding these risks and taking proactive steps to manage blood pressure levels, employers can create a safer, healthier, and more productive work environment.
Employees should take an active role in monitoring their health and managing their blood pressure through lifestyle choices, stress management, and regular medical care. Together, these efforts can help mitigate the risks associated with high or low blood pressure and ensure a healthier workplace for everyone.
Maintaining normal blood pressure is not just a matter of personal health; it’s an issue that impacts performance, productivity, and the overall safety of the entire workplace and workforce. Addressing it with the seriousness it deserves will benefit both employees and employers, leading to a safer work environment.
Sources
NHS Digital, Health Survey for England, 2021 part 2 Adults' health: Hypertension British Heart Foundation
